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Actos tablets contain the active ingredient pioglitazone hydrochloride, which is a type of drug called a thiazolidinedione
or glitazone. Actos is prescribed to help control blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes.
People with diabetes have a deficiency or absence of a hormone produced by the pancreas called insulin. Insulin is the
main hormone responsible for the control of sugar in the blood. In type 2 diabetes the pancreas does not produce sufficient
insulin and the cells of the body are resistant to the low levels of insulin circulating in the blood. Insulin would normally
make the cells remove sugar from the blood, hence in type 2 diabetes blood sugar levels can rise too high.
Pioglitazone helps to lower blood glucose levels by increasing the sensitivity of liver, fat and muscle cells, to insulin.
This enables the cells to remove glucose from the blood more effectively. Pioglitazone also reduces the amount of glucose
produced by the liver, and preserves the functioning of the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. The overall effect
of Actos is therefore to help the body control blood sugar levels and prevent them becoming too high.
Why is Actos prescribed?
- Type 2 diabetes.
Pioglitazone can be prescribed on its own to treat people with type 2 diabetes, particularly overweight people, whose
blood sugar is not sufficiently controlled by diet and exercise alone, and who cannot take metformin.
Pioglitazone can also be prescribed in combination with metformin or another type of antidiabetic drug known as a
sulphonylurea, eg gliclazide, or both, for people with type 2 diabetes whose blood sugar is not controlled by the maximum
doses of these drugs.
Actos can also be prescribed in combination with insulin for type 2 diabetics whose blood sugar is not sufficiently
controlled by insulin and who cannot take metformin.
Actos is prescribed to control high blood sugar in type 2 diabetes. This form of the illness usually stems from the
body's inability to make good use of insulin, the natural hormone that helps to transfer sugar out of the blood and into the
cells, where it's converted to energy. Actos works by improving the body's response to its natural supply of insulin, rather
than increasing its insulin output. Actos also reduces the production of unneeded sugar in the liver.
Actos can be prescribed alone or in combination with insulin injections or other oral diabetes drugs such as:
- Micronase;
- Glucotrol;
- Glucophage;
- DiaBeta;
Always remember that Actos is an aid to, not a substitute for, good diet and exercise. Failure to follow a sound diet and
exercise plan can lead to serious complications, such as dangerously high or low blood sugar levels. Remember, too, that Actos
is not an oral form of insulin, and cannot be prescribed in place of insulin.
- low red blood cell count;
- pain in the joints;
- presence of glucose in the urine;
- presence of protein in the urine;
- sweating;
- upper airway infections;
- visual disturbances;
- weight gain;
- hypoglycemia;
- muscle aches;
- respiratory tract infection;
- sinus inflammation;
- sore throat;
- swelling;
- tooth disorder;
ADULTS
The recommended starting dose of Actos is 15 to 30 mg once a day.
If this fails to bring your blood sugar under control, the dose can be increased to a maximum of 45 mg a day. If your blood sugar still remains high, the doctor may add a second drug.
When Actos is added to other diabetes drugs, your doctor may need to lower their dosage if you develop low blood sugar. If you are taking insulin, the dose should be lowered when blood sugar readings fall below 100.
