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Atarax is an antihistamine prescribed to relieve the symptoms of common anxiety and tension and, in combination with other
drugs, to treat anxiety that results from physical illness. It also relieves itching from allergic reactions and can be
prescribed as a sedative before and after general anesthesia. Antihistamines work by decreasing the effects of histamine, a
chemical the body releases that narrows air passages in the lungs and contributes to inflammation. Antihistamines reduce
itching and swelling and dry up secretions from the nose, eyes, and throat.
Atarax is not intended for long-term use (more than 4 months). Your doctor should re-evaluate the prescription
periodically.
Atarax belongs to a group of drugs called sedating antihistamines
Atarax's main use is to help in the treatment of anxiety. The way in which Atarax works in this condition is not fully
known. It is thought to decrease the activity of certain areas in the brain and thereby relieve anxiety.
Atarax is also prescribed to relieve symptoms of certain allergic reactions.
Histamine is a chemical produced by the body. It is stored in cells (mast cells) in almost all tissues of the body. When
the body reacts to a foreign substance (an allergen e.g. flower pollen), the mast cells release their stores of histamine.
Histamine may then bind to receptors (H-1 receptors) in many areas of the body causing an increase in blood flow to the
area of the allergy and the release of other chemicals that add to the allergic response. This stimulates the symptoms of an
allergic reaction such as:
- Airways or tissues;
- Eyes or nose;
- Inflammation of the skin;
- Itching of the skin;
- Nasal congestion or narrowing of the airways;
- Rashes;
Atarax acts by blocking the binding of histamine to receptors in the body and so preventing or relieving the typical
symptoms of an allergic reaction.
Histamine may be released from and act in a small (localised) area of the body e.g the nose. Alternatively, histamine can
result in a serious or complete body reaction e.g. anaphylactic reaction. Atarax is only useful for the prevention or relief
of localised or less serious allergies such as an itchy rash (rather than very serious allergic reactions).
Atarax is called a sedating anti-histamine as it enters the brain in significant quantities and is therefore more likely
to cause drowsiness than the newer group of non-sedating anti-histamines.
Why is Atarax prescribed?
- itching (pruritis) due to allergy (atopic) or the nerves supplying the skin (cholinergic);
- anxiety;
- muscle weakness;
- headache;
- dry mouth;
- drowsiness;
- dizziness;
- confusion;
When treatment begins with injections, Atarax can be continued in tablet form.
Your doctor will adjust your dosage based on your response to the drug. Due to an increased risk of drowsiness, older adults usually start at the low end of the dosage range.
FOR ANXIETY AND TENSION
Adults
The usual dose is 50 to 100 mg 4 times per day.
Children under Age 6
The total dose is 50 mg daily, divided into several smaller doses.
Children over Age 6
The total dose is 50 to 100 mg daily, divided into several smaller doses.
FOR ITCHING DUE TO ALLERGIC CONDITIONS
Adults
The usual dose is 25 mg 3 or 4 times a day.
Children under Age 6
The total dose is 50 mg daily, divided into several smaller doses.
Children over Age 6
The total dose is 50 to 100 mg daily, divided into several smaller doses.
BEFORE AND AFTER GENERAL ANESTHESIA
Adults
The usual dose is 50 to 100 mg.
Children
The usual dose is 0.6 mg per 2.2 pounds of body weight.